DNA Core is the starting point on your journey to personalised healthcare. This test reports on gene-environment interactions and provides personalised, easy-to-follow, summarised recommendations on four core areas:
- key biological processes that drive health including methylation, detoxification and lipid metabolism
- macro- and micronutrient requirements based on genetic response
- weight management insights such as obesity risk and eating behaviour
- exercise responsiveness including power and endurance potential, and recovery time.
Note that this test includes all gene variants tested and insights reported in DNA Health, DNA Diet, and DNA Sport, in one user-friendly report
DNA CORE
Analytes Measured:
Lipid Metabolism
APOC3: Cholesterol metabolism.
APOE: Catabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein constituents. Affects antioxidant requirement.
CETP: Metabolism of HDL and mediates the exchange of lipids between lipoproteins.
LPL: Removes lipids from the circulation by hydrolysing triglycerides into free fatty acids.
PON1: Protects against atherogenesis by assisting in the cardioprotective effect of HDL.
Insulin Sensitivity
PPARG: Involved in adipocyte differentiation and regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism.
TCF7L2: Influences blood glucose homeostasis – both insulin secretion and resistance.
SLC2A2: Facilitates glucose induced insulin secretion.
FTO: Influences susceptibility to obesity and risk for type 2 diabetes.
IRS1: Involved in transmission of insulin-based signals.
Methylation
MTHFD1: Influences the effectiveness of the folate-dependent methylation pathway.
MTHFR: Directs folate from the diet either to DNA synthesis or homocysteine remethylation.
MTR: Catalyses the re-methylation of homocysteine to methionine.
MTRR: Catalyses methylcobalamin, which is essential for maintaining adequate intracellular pools of methionine.
CBS: Removal of homocysteine from the methionine cycle.
COMT: Catalyses the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine to catecholamines.
Phase I Detoxification
CYP1A1: Converts environmental pro-carcinogens into reactive intermediates that have carcinogenic effects.
Phase I Detoxification - Caffeine
CYP1A2: Responsible for the demethylation of caffeine.
Phase II Detoxification
GSTM1 & GSTP1: Responsible for the removal of xenobiotics, carcinogens, and products of oxidative stress.
GSTT1: Catalyses the conjugation of reduced glutathione.
NQO1: Detoxification of potentially mutagenic and carcinogenic quinones derived from tobacco smoke, diet and oestrogen metabolism.
Antioxidant Enzymes
eNOS: Influences vascular tone and peripheral vascular resistance.
MnSOD/SOD2: Vital antioxidant activity within the cell, especially within the mitochondria.
GPx: Important selenium-dependant antioxidant enzymes.
CAT: Responsible for the conversion of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen.
Inflammation
CRP: Rises in response to inflammation in the body.
IL-1A, IL-1B & IL-1RN: Important leverage points in the inflammatory cascade.
IL-6 & IL-6R: Plays crucial roles in inflammation by regulating the expression of C reactive protein (CRP).
TNFA: Crucial proinflammatory cytokine.
Vitamin D metabolism & Bone Health
VDR: Profound influence on bone density.
CYP2R1: Involved in the conversion of vitamin D to 25(OH)D (calcidiol).
GC: Encodes for the vitamin D binding protein.
Vitamin A Metabolism
BC01: Catalysing carotenoids to retinal (vitamin A).
Vitamin B12 Transport
FUT2: Vitamin B12 absorption and transport.
Lactose Intolerance
MCM6: Associated with lactase persistence and adult hypolactasia.
Gluten Intolerance
HLA DQ2/DQ8: Major genetic predisposition for coeliac disease.
Alcohol Metabolism
ALDH2: Detoxification of toxic, carcinogenic aldehydes to acetate.
Iron Overload
HFE: Major genetic predisposition for hemochromatosis.
Fat Absorption & Metabolism
ADIPOQ: Regulates energy homeostasis and glucose tolerance thus promoting lipid oxidation in the muscle and liver.
APOA2 & APOA5: Plays a complex role in lipoprotein metabolism, insulin resistance, obesity and atherosclerosis susceptibility.
FABP2: Influences fat absorption and metabolism.
PLIN: Influences diet-induced obesity.
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Metabolism
FADS1: Key enzyme in polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) metabolism.
Energy Homeostasis
UCP1, UCP2 & UCP3: Involved in oxidative metabolism and energy production.
Epinephrine Receptors - Energy Mobilisation
ADRB2: Associated with blood vessel growth.
ADBR3: Involved in the regulation of lipolysis that influences metabolism.
Dopamine Receptor
DRD2: Important role in both addiction and normal eating behaviour.
Taste Sensitivity
TAS1R2 & TAS2R38: Contribute to inter-individual variations in sugar consumption and bitter sensitivity.
Snacking & Satiety
MCR4: A strong obesity candidate gene.
Circadian Rhythms
CLOCK: Effect on circadian rhythms and sleep duration.
Blood Flow & Respiration
AGT & ACE: Part of the renin-angiotensin system and response to salt.
BDKRB2: Influences the cross-talk between the renin-angiotensin and the kinin-kallikrein systems.
VEGF: Affects peripheral circulation and capillary blood flow.
Energy During Exercise
NRF-2: Improves respiratory capacity and increases ATP production.
PPARGC1A: Mediation of the initial phase of exercise and increasing mitochondrial biogenesis.
PPARA: Associated with lipid and glucose metabolism.
Fuel During Exercise
TRHR: Stimulates the release of TSH.
Musculoskeletal Properties
ACTN3: Influences the function of fast-twitch muscle fibres.
Muscle Cramping Susceptibility
AMPD1: Muscle fatigue, weakness and cramping.
Collagen Production
COL1A1 & COL5A1: Found in tendons, ligaments and cartilage.
GDF5: Development and healing of the skeletal system and soft tissues.